Use of Ionic Liquids or Solutions of Metal Salts in Ionic Liquids as Antistatics for Plastics

1. The use of ionic liquids as antistatics for plastics.

2. The use of solutions of metal salts in ionic liquids as antistatics for plastics.

3. The use of solutions of metal salts in synergistic mixtures of ionic liquids and diols and/or polyols as antistatics for plastics.

4. The use of ionic liquids or solutions of metal salts in synergistic mixtures of ionic liquids and diols and/or polyols as antistatics for polyurethanes.

5. The use of ionic liquids or solutions of metal salts in ionic liquids as antistatics for plastics, wherein the ionic liquids comprise at least one cation of the general formulae (1) to (4):
R¹R²R³R⁴N⁺ (1)
R¹R²N⁺=CR³R⁴ (2)
R¹R²R³R⁴P⁺ (3)
R¹R²P⁺=CR³R⁴ (4) where R¹, R², R³, R⁴ are identical or different and are each hydrogen, a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has from 1 to 30 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds, a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has from 5 to 40 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds, an aromatic hydrocarbon radical having from 6 to 40 carbon atoms, an alkylaryl radical having from 7 to 40 carbon atoms, a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has from 2 to 30 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds and is interrupted by one or more heteroatoms (oxygen, NH, NR′ where R′ is a C₁—C₃₀-alkyl radical which may contain double bonds), a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has from 2 to 30 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds and is interrupted by one or more functions selected from the group consisting of —O—C(O)—, —(O)C—O—, —NH—C(O)—, —(O)C—NH, —(CH₃)N—C(O)—, —(O)C—N(CH₃)—, —S(O₂)—O—, —O—S(O₂)—, —S(O₂)—NH—, —NH—S(O₂)—, —S(O₂)—N(CH₃)—, —N(CH₃)—S(O₂)—, a linear or branched aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has from 1 to 30 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds and is functionalized by terminal OH, OR′, NH₂, N(H)R′, N(R′)₂ groups (where R′ is a C₁—C₃₀-alkyl radical which may contain double bonds) or a polyether —(R⁵—O)_n—R⁶ having a blockwise or random structure, where R⁵ is a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, n is from 1 to 100 and R⁶ is hydrogen, a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has from 1 to 30 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds, a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has from 5 to 40 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds, an aromatic hydrocarbon radical having from 6 to 40 carbon atoms, an alkylaryl radical having from 7 to 40 carbon atoms or a radical —C(O)—R⁷, where R⁷ is a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has from 1 to 30 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds, a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has from 5 to 40 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds, an aromatic hydrocarbon radical having from 6 to 40 carbon atoms or an alkylaryl radical having from 7 to 40 carbon atoms.

6. The use of ionic liquids or solutions of metal salts in ionic liquids as claimed in claim 5, wherein cations are used which are derived from saturated or unsaturated cyclic compounds or from aromatic compounds having, in each case, at least one trivalent nitrogen atom in a 4- to 10-membered, heterocyclic ring of the general formulae (5), (6) and (7), where the heterocyclic rings may, if desired, also be able to contain further heteroatoms and in which the substituents have the following meanings: R is a hydrogen, a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has from 1 to 30 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds, a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has from 5 to 40 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds, an aromatic hydrocarbon radical having from 6 to 40 carbon atoms or an alkylaryl radical having from 7 to 40 carbon atoms, R¹ and R² have the abovementioned meanings, R^1a is hydrogen, a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has from 1 to 30 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds, a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has from 5 to 40 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds, an aromatic hydrocarbon radical which has from 6 to 40 carbon atoms, an alkylaryl radical having from 7 to 40 carbon atoms, a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has from 2 to 30 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds and is interrupted by one or more heteroatoms (oxygen, NH, NR′ where R′ is a C₁—C₃₀-alkyl radical which may contain double bonds, in particular —CH₃), a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has from 2 to 30 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds and is interrupted by one or more functions selected from the group consisting of —O—C(O)—, —(O)C—O—, —NH—C(O)—, —(CH₃)N—C(O)—, —(O)C—N(CH₃)—, —S(O₂)—O—, —O—S(O₂)—, —S(O₂)—NH—, —NH—S(O₂)—, —S(O₂)—N(CH₃)—, —N(CH₃)—S(O₂)—, a linear or branched aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has from 1 to 30 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds and is functionalized by terminal OH, OR′, NH₂, N(H)R′, N(R′)₂ groups (where R′ is a C_l—C₃₀-alkyl radical which may contain double bonds) or a polyether —(R⁵—O)_n—R⁶ having a blockwise or random structure, X is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a substituted nitrogen atom (X=O, S, NR^1a).

7. The use of ionic liquids or solutions of metal salts in ionic liquids as claimed in either claim 5 or 6 as antistatics for polyurethanes.

8. The use of ionic liquids or solutions of metal salts in ionic liquids as antistatics for plastics as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the ionic liquids comprise a cation of the general formula (8) where R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, R¹² are identical or different and are each hydrogen, a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 8, in particular from 1 to 4, carbon atoms and may contain double bonds, a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has from 5 to 40 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds, an aromatic hydrocarbon radical having from 6 to 40 carbon atoms, an alkylaryl radical having from 7 to 40 carbon atoms, a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has from 1 to 30 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds and is interrupted by one or more heteroatoms (oxygen, NH, NR′ where R∝ is a C₁—C₃₀-alkyl radical which may contain double bonds), a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has from 1 to 30 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds and is interrupted by one or more functions selected from the group consisting of —O—C(O)—, —(O)C—O—, —NH—C(O)—, —(O)C—NH, —(CH₃)N—C(O)—, —(O)C—N(CH₃)—, —S(O₂)—O—, —O—S(O₂)—, —S(O₂)—NH—, —NH—S(O₂)—, —S(O₂)—N(CH₃)—, —N(CH₃)—S(O₂)—, a linear or branched aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has from 1 to 30 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds and is functionalized by terminal OH, OR′, NH₂, N(H)R′, N(R′)₂ groups (where R₄₀ is a C₁—C₃₀-alkyl radical which may contain double bonds) or a polyether —(R⁵—O)_n—R⁶ which has a blockwise or random structure, where R⁵ is a hydrocarbon radical containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, n is from 1 to 100 and R⁶ is hydrogen, a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has from 1 to 30 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds, a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has from 5 to 40 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds, an aromatic hydrocarbon radical having from 6 to 40 carbon atoms, an alkylaryl radical having from 7 to 40 carbon atoms or a radical —C(O)—R⁷, where R⁷ is a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has from 1 to 30 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds, a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has from 5 to 40 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds, an aromatic hydrocarbon radical having from 6 to 40 carbon atoms or an alkylaryl radical having from 7 to 40 carbon atoms.

9. The use of ionic liquids or solutions of metal salts in ionic liquids as claimed in at least one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the ionic liquids contain an anion selected from the group consisting of halides, bis(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)amides or -imides such as bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, alkyltosylates and aryltosylates, perfluoroalkyltosylates, nitrate, sulfate, hydrogensulfate, alkylsulfates and arylsulfates, polyether sulfates and sulfonates, perfluoroalkylsulfates, sulfonate, alkylsulfonates and arylsulfonates, perfluorinated alkylsulfonates and arylsulfonates, alkylcarboxylates and arylcarboxylates, perfluoroalkylcarboxylates, perchlorate, tetrachloroaluminate, saccharinate, preferably anions of the compounds thiocyanate, isothiocyanate, dicyanamide, tetraphenylborate, tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, phosphate and polyether phosphates.

10. The use of ionic liquids or solutions of metal salts in ionic liquids as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the ionic liquids contain a cation selected from among compounds of the general formulae (1) and/or (7) and a dicyanamide, thiocyanate, isothiocyanate, hexafluorophosphate anion.

11. The use of ionic liquids or solutions of metal salts in ionic liquids as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 10, wherein mixtures of two or more ionic liquids comprising cations of the general formulae (1) to (8) in each case combined with at least one anion are used.

12. The use of solutions of metal salts in ionic liquids as claimed in at least one of claims 2 to 11, wherein these contain, as electrolyte salts, at least one salt selected from the group consisting of, in particular, alkali metal salts with the anions bis(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)amide or -imide such as bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, alkyltosylates and aryltosylates, perfluoroalkyltosylates, nitrate, sulfate, hydrogensulfate, alkylsulfates and arylsulfates, polyether sulfates and sulfonates, perfluoroalkylsulfates, sulfonate, alkylsulfonates and arylsulfonates, perfluorinated alkylsulfonates and arylsulfonates, alkylcarboxylates and arylcarboxylates, perfluoroalkylcarboxylates, perchlorate, tetrachloroaluminate, saccharinate, thiocyanate, isothiocyanate, dicyanamide, tetraphenylborate, tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, phosphate and polyether phosphates.